Ocean: ocean temperature and salinity

Ocean temperature and salinity from observations and reanalyses, remapped onto the grids of the domains. Ocean is a thematic dataset made by remapping (see Gridded data): its products are defined in Ocean/remap.toml.

Products

Product	Source	Fields	Domains
`Ocean-Schmidtko2014`	Schmidtko et al. (2014): Antarctic shelf bottom water (shallower than 1500 m), means 1975-2012, 0.25° x 0.125°, doi:10.1126/science.1256117	`ct_bottom` (conservative temperature), `sa_bottom` (absolute salinity), their standard deviations `*_std`, `z_bottom` (bottom depth)	Antarctica
`Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010`, `Ocean-ORAS5-annual`	Zuo et al. (2019): ORAS5 ocean reanalysis (ECMWF), regridded to 1° by ECMWF, member opa0, doi:10.5194/os-15-779-2019	`to` (potential temperature, degC), `so` (salinity, PSU) on `depth`: monthly climatology 1981-2010, annual means 1979-2018; `mask_ocn` on `depth` (1 where the cell is mostly ocean, `f_valid` >= 0.5)	Antarctica, Greenland, GreenlandPaleo, North, Laurentide, Eurasia, Global
`Ocean-ISMIP7`	Zhou et al. (2026): OCEAN ICE climatology 1972-2024 as extrapolated by ISMIP7 (Reese et al., 2026) on its 8 km x 60 m grid, doi:10.5194/essd-2025-727	`to` (potential temperature, degC), `so` (practical salinity, PSU), `tf` (thermal forcing, degC) on `z` (30 layers of 60 m, to 1800 m depth), filled everywhere; `basin` (IMBIE2 basins extended into the ocean, 0-15)	Antarctica

Each file also has f_valid (with the extra dimensions where the coverage differs between them, e.g. depth levels), the fraction of each cell covered by the source. Fields are remapped conservatively and smoothed on grids finer than the source.

Precision

The float fields are rounded on output to a tolerance by kind (see Precision and file sizes): temperatures (to, tf, ct_bottom) to 0.01 K; z_bottom to 0.01 m; salinity (so, sa_bottom) to 3 significant digits (about 0.02 at 35); f_valid to 0.001. basin is exact.

Licences

Source	Licence
Schmidtko et al. (2014)	No licence stated; publishing assumed to be allowed
Zuo et al. (2019), ORAS5	CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus, CDS reanalysis-oras5)
Zhou et al. (2026), ISMIP7	No licence stated for the ISMIP7 files; the OCEAN ICE climatology is CC BY 4.0 (SEANOE); publishing assumed to be allowed

Superseded

The ISMIP6 ocean climatology of Jourdain et al. (2020) is superseded by the ISMIP7 climatology (Ocean-ISMIP7) and not included: see Jourdain2020_ismip6.

Making the dataset

julia -t 8 fesmdata.jl remap Ocean

Downloads

Download the files with fesmdata.jl into $FESMDATA_PRODUCTS/<Domain>/<GRID>/ (see Download), or one by one from the links below. All released datasets are listed under Products.

Global

Version 2.2.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 6 files, 386.8 MB.

julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean Global     # all grids
julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean GLOBAL-5DEG     # one grid

GLOBAL-1DEG 2 files, 280.6 MB

GLOBAL-1DEG_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	57.6 MB
GLOBAL-1DEG_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	223.0 MB

GLOBAL-2DEG 2 files, 89.0 MB

GLOBAL-2DEG_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	17.8 MB
GLOBAL-2DEG_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	71.1 MB

GLOBAL-5DEG 2 files, 17.2 MB

GLOBAL-5DEG_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	3.3 MB
GLOBAL-5DEG_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	13.9 MB

Antarctica

Version 2.2.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 11 files, 549.9 MB.

julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean Antarctica     # all grids
julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean ANT-32KM     # one grid

ANT-4KM 1 files, 1.5 MB

ANT-4KM_Ocean-Schmidtko2014.nc

1.5 MB

ANT-8KM 2 files, 26.9 MB

ANT-8KM_Ocean-ISMIP7.nc	26.4 MB
ANT-8KM_Ocean-Schmidtko2014.nc	508.7 kB

ANT-16KM 4 files, 391.4 MB

ANT-16KM_Ocean-ISMIP7.nc	8.7 MB
ANT-16KM_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	82.0 MB
ANT-16KM_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	300.6 MB
ANT-16KM_Ocean-Schmidtko2014.nc	197.9 kB

ANT-32KM 4 files, 130.2 MB

ANT-32KM_Ocean-ISMIP7.nc	2.4 MB
ANT-32KM_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	27.0 MB
ANT-32KM_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	100.7 MB
ANT-32KM_Ocean-Schmidtko2014.nc	92.6 kB

GreenlandPaleo

Version 2.2.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 4 files, 90.8 MB.

julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean GreenlandPaleo     # all grids
julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean GRL-PAL-32KM     # one grid

GRL-PAL-16KM 2 files, 67.9 MB

GRL-PAL-16KM_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	14.2 MB
GRL-PAL-16KM_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	53.7 MB

GRL-PAL-32KM 2 files, 22.9 MB

GRL-PAL-32KM_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	4.8 MB
GRL-PAL-32KM_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	18.1 MB

North

Version 2.2.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 4 files, 821.8 MB.

julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean North     # all grids
julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean NH-32KM     # one grid

NH-16KM 2 files, 604.6 MB

NH-16KM_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	122.7 MB
NH-16KM_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	481.8 MB

NH-32KM 2 files, 217.2 MB

NH-32KM_Ocean-ORAS5-1981-2010.nc	42.1 MB
NH-32KM_Ocean-ORAS5-annual.nc	175.2 MB

Nests and crops

These nests and crops get products of Ocean by cropping those of the domain (or crop) that contains them: fetch downloads these and cuts them (see Nests and crops), e.g. julia fesmdata.jl fetch Ocean Amery.

Nest or crop	Cut from	Products
Amery	Antarctica	4
Amundsen	Antarctica	4
Eurasia	North	2
FilchnerRonne	Antarctica	4
Greenland	GreenlandPaleo	2
Helheim	GreenlandPaleo	2
Jakobshavn	GreenlandPaleo	2
Laurentide	North	2
NEGIS	GreenlandPaleo	2
Petermann	GreenlandPaleo	2
PineIsland	Antarctica	4
Ross	Antarctica	4
Thwaites	Antarctica	4
WilkesBasin	Antarctica	4