GHF: geothermal heat flow
Geothermal heat flow (mW m-2) from published maps, remapped onto the grids of the domains and onto global lon-lat grids. GHF is a thematic dataset made by remapping (see Gridded data): its products are defined in GHF/remap.toml.
Products
| Product | Source | Fields | Domains |
|---|---|---|---|
GHF-Lucazeau2019 |
Lucazeau (2019): 0.5° global map fitted to heat flow observations, doi:10.1029/2019GC008389 | ghf, ghf_sd (standard deviation) |
Antarctica, GreenlandPaleo, Greenland, North, Laurentide, Eurasia, Global |
GHF-Martos2017 |
Martos et al. (2017): 15 km map of Antarctica from airborne magnetic data (Curie depth), doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.882503 | ghf, ghf_sd (uncertainty), depth_curie, depth_curie_sd (km) |
Antarctica |
GHF-Martos2018 |
Martos et al. (2018): 15 km map of Greenland (land only) from magnetic Curie depths, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.892973 | ghf, ghf_sd (uncertainty), depth_curie, depth_curie_sd (km) |
Greenland |
GHF-HazzardRichards2024 |
Hazzard and Richards (2024): 0.5° map of Antarctica inferred from seismic velocities, doi:10.1029/2023GL106274 | ghf, ghf_sd (standard deviation) |
Antarctica |
GHF-Davies2013 |
Davies (2013): 2° global map from observations, geology and young-ocean cooling, doi:10.1002/ggge.20271 | ghf (mean), ghf_median, ghf_err (error estimate) |
Antarctica, GreenlandPaleo, Greenland, North, Laurentide, Eurasia, Global |
GHF-Shapiro2004 |
Shapiro and Ritzwoller (2004): 1° global map extrapolated with a seismic model, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.011 | ghf, ghf_sd (standard deviation) |
Antarctica, GreenlandPaleo, Greenland, North, Laurentide, Eurasia, Global |
GHF-Loesing2021 |
Lösing and Ebbing (2021): machine-learning map of Antarctica, about 55 km, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.930237 | ghf, ghf_min, ghf_max (range of alternative models) |
Antarctica |
GHF-Stal2020 |
Stål et al. (2021): Aq1, 20 km map of Antarctica, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.924857 | ghf, ghf_unc (uncertainty) |
Antarctica |
GHF-Colgan2021 |
Colgan and Wansing (2021): machine-learning map of Greenland, about 55 km, doi:10.22008/FK2/F9P03L | ghf, ghf_min, ghf_max (ensemble range) |
Greenland |
GHF-FoxMaule2005 |
Fox Maule et al. (2005): map from satellite magnetic data (Curie depth), updated with the MF7 model, about 170 km, land only, doi:10.1126/science.1106888 | ghf |
Antarctica (no data south of 87.75°S), GreenlandPaleo, Greenland |
GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL |
Colgan et al. (2021): relative topographic correction at 150 m (BedMachine), doi:10.22008/FK2/BQGYYG | ghf_corr, ghf_corr_unc (dimensionless) |
Greenland |
GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT |
Colgan et al. (2021): relative topographic correction at 500 m (BedMachine), doi:10.22008/FK2/BQGYYG | ghf_corr, ghf_corr_unc (dimensionless) |
Antarctica |
On the mountain-glacier domains (Pyrenees, Patagonia, Himalaya), on their 2 km grid: GHF-Lucazeau2019, GHF-Davies2013 and GHF-Shapiro2004; their nests and crops get these by cropping (see Nests and crops).
The topographic correction of Colgan et al. (2021) is not a heat flow but a dimensionless relative correction (about 0 on average), to be applied to any heat flow product as corrected heat flow = (1 + ghf_corr) × ghf (higher heat flow in valleys, lower on ridges). It is made on all grids, as it resolves the bed topography finer than any of them.
Each file <GRID>_GHF-<Source>.nc also has f_valid, the fraction of each cell covered by the source. Each source is remapped conservatively; on grids finer than the source it is then smoothed with a Gaussian of half the source spacing (about 28 km for 0.5°), so that its cells do not show as steps. The global attribute remap_method records what was done on each grid.
GHF-Martos2018 covers the land of Greenland only: ghf and ghf_sd are filled where there are no source data (cells at the ice margin, the ocean and the rest of the grid) by harmonic interpolation (fill, mask = "all", marked by mask_fill; see Gap filling), so that they cover the whole grid. depth_curie and depth_curie_sd are not filled.
Precision
The float fields are rounded on output to a tolerance by kind (see Precision and file sizes): the heat flow and its uncertainties and ranges (mW m-2) to 1%; depth_curie and depth_curie_sd (km) to 3 significant digits; ghf_corr, ghf_corr_unc (dimensionless) and f_valid to 0.001.
Licences
| Source | Licence |
|---|---|
| Lucazeau (2019) | Wiley standard terms (no open licence): permission from AGU or the author is needed before release |
| Martos et al. (2017) | CC BY 3.0 (PANGAEA) |
| Martos et al. (2018) | CC BY 3.0 (PANGAEA) |
| Hazzard and Richards (2024) | No licence set on OSF (article CC BY 4.0); publishing assumed to be allowed |
| Davies (2013) | Wiley standard terms (no open licence): permission from AGU or the author is needed before release |
| Shapiro and Ritzwoller (2004) | No licence stated; publishing assumed to be allowed |
| Lösing and Ebbing (2021) | CC BY 4.0 (PANGAEA) |
| Stål et al. (2021) | CC BY 4.0 (PANGAEA) |
| Colgan and Wansing (2021) | CC0 1.0 (GEUS Dataverse) |
| Fox Maule et al. (2005) | No licence stated (NASA GSFC web page, users asked to cite the paper); publishing assumed to be allowed |
| Colgan et al. (2021), topographic correction | CC0 1.0 (GEUS Dataverse) |
The licence of each source is in its README and in the license attribute of its files. A source can be released under the FesmData licence (CC BY 4.0) only if its own licence allows it.
Making the dataset
julia -t 8 fesmdata.jl remap GHF
# on Levante, on a compute node:
# sbatch --job-name=remap-GHF Remap/jobs/remap_dataset.sbatch GHFThis makes all products on all their grids, after preparing the sources that are not prepared yet (<source>/prepare.jl). To make one product, or some domains or grids, name them, e.g. julia fesmdata.jl remap GHF Lucazeau2019 Antarctica GLOBAL-0.5DEG. Existing files are kept unless --overwrite.
Adding a source
- Make a folder for the source with a
prepare.jland aREADME.md(see Sources), e.g.Lucazeau2019_ghf/. - Add a table
[products.<Name>]toGHF/remap.tomlwithsource,file,variablesandgrids(andmethodorsmoothif the defaults do not fit). - Add it to the table of products above, and run
julia fesmdata.jl remap GHF <Name>. - Release a new version of GHF (see Releasing).
Downloads
Download the files with fesmdata.jl into $FESMDATA_PRODUCTS/<Domain>/<GRID>/ (see Download), or one by one from the links below. All released datasets are listed under Products.
Global
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 18 files, 17.2 MB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Global # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF GLOBAL-5DEG # one grid
GLOBAL-0.1DEG 3 files, 12.2 MB
| GLOBAL-0.1DEG_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 3.9 MB |
| GLOBAL-0.1DEG_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 5.8 MB |
| GLOBAL-0.1DEG_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 2.5 MB |
GLOBAL-0.25DEG 3 files, 3.2 MB
| GLOBAL-0.25DEG_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 1.1 MB |
| GLOBAL-0.25DEG_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 1.4 MB |
| GLOBAL-0.25DEG_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 706.7 kB |
GLOBAL-0.5DEG 3 files, 1.2 MB
| GLOBAL-0.5DEG_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 398.5 kB |
| GLOBAL-0.5DEG_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 510.8 kB |
| GLOBAL-0.5DEG_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 274.1 kB |
GLOBAL-1DEG 3 files, 423.2 kB
| GLOBAL-1DEG_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 153.8 kB |
| GLOBAL-1DEG_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 148.8 kB |
| GLOBAL-1DEG_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 120.6 kB |
GLOBAL-2DEG 3 files, 170.9 kB
| GLOBAL-2DEG_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 61.9 kB |
| GLOBAL-2DEG_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 56.2 kB |
| GLOBAL-2DEG_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 52.8 kB |
GLOBAL-5DEG 3 files, 88.3 kB
| GLOBAL-5DEG_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 32.5 kB |
| GLOBAL-5DEG_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 28.1 kB |
| GLOBAL-5DEG_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 27.8 kB |
Antarctica
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 38 files, 130.4 MB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Antarctica # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF ANT-32KM # one grid
ANT-1KM 1 files, 89.1 MB
| ANT-1KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT.nc | 89.1 MB |
ANT-2KM 1 files, 22.5 MB
| ANT-2KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT.nc | 22.5 MB |
ANT-4KM 9 files, 12.6 MB
| ANT-4KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT.nc | 5.6 MB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 672.0 kB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 295.1 kB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-HazzardRichards2024.nc | 578.3 kB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-Loesing2021.nc | 870.7 kB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 1.3 MB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-Martos2017.nc | 1.8 MB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 650.6 kB |
| ANT-4KM_GHF-Stal2020.nc | 857.0 kB |
ANT-8KM 9 files, 4.0 MB
| ANT-8KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT.nc | 1.2 MB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 276.8 kB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 127.2 kB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-HazzardRichards2024.nc | 242.1 kB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-Loesing2021.nc | 346.0 kB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 503.6 kB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-Martos2017.nc | 656.0 kB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 262.4 kB |
| ANT-8KM_GHF-Stal2020.nc | 339.7 kB |
ANT-16KM 9 files, 1.5 MB
| ANT-16KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT.nc | 278.5 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 127.1 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 67.4 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-HazzardRichards2024.nc | 116.4 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-Loesing2021.nc | 159.1 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 200.7 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-Martos2017.nc | 255.7 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 122.7 kB |
| ANT-16KM_GHF-Stal2020.nc | 142.0 kB |
ANT-32KM 9 files, 649.7 kB
| ANT-32KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT.nc | 82.3 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 66.8 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 40.3 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-HazzardRichards2024.nc | 59.9 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-Loesing2021.nc | 78.1 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 85.2 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-Martos2017.nc | 108.3 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 64.4 kB |
| ANT-32KM_GHF-Stal2020.nc | 64.4 kB |
GreenlandPaleo
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 16 files, 1.5 MB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF GreenlandPaleo # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF GRL-PAL-32KM # one grid
GRL-PAL-4KM 4 files, 803.4 kB
| GRL-PAL-4KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 227.7 kB |
| GRL-PAL-4KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 123.2 kB |
| GRL-PAL-4KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 290.9 kB |
| GRL-PAL-4KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 161.6 kB |
GRL-PAL-8KM 4 files, 384.4 kB
| GRL-PAL-8KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 107.9 kB |
| GRL-PAL-8KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 66.5 kB |
| GRL-PAL-8KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 128.2 kB |
| GRL-PAL-8KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 81.8 kB |
GRL-PAL-16KM 4 files, 214.2 kB
| GRL-PAL-16KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 61.7 kB |
| GRL-PAL-16KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 40.3 kB |
| GRL-PAL-16KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 63.0 kB |
| GRL-PAL-16KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 49.1 kB |
GRL-PAL-32KM 4 files, 139.1 kB
| GRL-PAL-32KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 40.0 kB |
| GRL-PAL-32KM_GHF-FoxMaule2005.nc | 28.1 kB |
| GRL-PAL-32KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 36.7 kB |
| GRL-PAL-32KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 34.3 kB |
Greenland
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 15 files, 55.6 MB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Greenland # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF GRL-32KM # one grid
GRL-500M 1 files, 39.6 MB
| GRL-500M_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL.nc | 39.6 MB |
GRL-1KM 1 files, 10.8 MB
| GRL-1KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL.nc | 10.8 MB |
GRL-2KM 1 files, 2.9 MB
| GRL-2KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL.nc | 2.9 MB |
GRL-4KM 3 files, 1.4 MB
| GRL-4KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL.nc | 731.1 kB |
| GRL-4KM_GHF-Colgan2021.nc | 286.0 kB |
| GRL-4KM_GHF-Martos2018.nc | 360.0 kB |
GRL-8KM 3 files, 481.5 kB
| GRL-8KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL.nc | 184.9 kB |
| GRL-8KM_GHF-Colgan2021.nc | 140.9 kB |
| GRL-8KM_GHF-Martos2018.nc | 155.6 kB |
GRL-16KM 3 files, 222.0 kB
| GRL-16KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL.nc | 59.0 kB |
| GRL-16KM_GHF-Colgan2021.nc | 80.3 kB |
| GRL-16KM_GHF-Martos2018.nc | 82.7 kB |
GRL-32KM 3 files, 136.6 kB
| GRL-32KM_GHF-Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL.nc | 33.4 kB |
| GRL-32KM_GHF-Colgan2021.nc | 52.7 kB |
| GRL-32KM_GHF-Martos2018.nc | 50.5 kB |
North
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 12 files, 10.7 MB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF North # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF NH-32KM # one grid
NH-4KM 3 files, 6.7 MB
| NH-4KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 2.1 MB |
| NH-4KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 3.2 MB |
| NH-4KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 1.3 MB |
NH-8KM 3 files, 2.6 MB
| NH-8KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 874.5 kB |
| NH-8KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 1.2 MB |
| NH-8KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 538.4 kB |
NH-16KM 3 files, 1.0 MB
| NH-16KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 352.2 kB |
| NH-16KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 436.9 kB |
| NH-16KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 226.4 kB |
NH-32KM 3 files, 414.8 kB
| NH-32KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 152.9 kB |
| NH-32KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 157.2 kB |
| NH-32KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 104.7 kB |
Pyrenees
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 3 files, 100.2 kB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Pyrenees # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF PYR-2KM # one grid
PYR-2KM 3 files, 100.2 kB
| PYR-2KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 33.7 kB |
| PYR-2KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 38.7 kB |
| PYR-2KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 27.7 kB |
Patagonia
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 3 files, 575.9 kB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Patagonia # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF PAT-2KM # one grid
PAT-2KM 3 files, 575.9 kB
| PAT-2KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 184.8 kB |
| PAT-2KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 258.9 kB |
| PAT-2KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 132.2 kB |
Alps
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 3 files, 309.4 kB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Alps # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF ALP-2KM # one grid
ALP-2KM 3 files, 309.4 kB
| ALP-2KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 99.4 kB |
| ALP-2KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 146.3 kB |
| ALP-2KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 63.7 kB |
Himalaya
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 3 files, 1.4 MB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Himalaya # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF HIM-2KM # one grid
HIM-2KM 3 files, 1.4 MB
| HIM-2KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 336.1 kB |
| HIM-2KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 652.5 kB |
| HIM-2KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 367.6 kB |
Svalbard
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 3 files, 300.3 kB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Svalbard # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF SVB-2KM # one grid
SVB-2KM 3 files, 300.3 kB
| SVB-2KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 91.9 kB |
| SVB-2KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 133.7 kB |
| SVB-2KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 74.8 kB |
NewZealand
Version 2.3.1 (2026-10-16, packages). 3 files, 240.6 kB.
julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF NewZealand # all grids julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF NZ-2KM # one grid
NZ-2KM 3 files, 240.6 kB
| NZ-2KM_GHF-Davies2013.nc | 75.7 kB |
| NZ-2KM_GHF-Lucazeau2019.nc | 106.6 kB |
| NZ-2KM_GHF-Shapiro2004.nc | 58.3 kB |
Nests and crops
These nests and crops get products of GHF by cropping those of the domain (or crop) that contains them: fetch downloads these and cuts them (see Nests and crops), e.g. julia fesmdata.jl fetch GHF Amery.
| Nest or crop | Cut from | Products |
|---|---|---|
| Amery | Antarctica | 9 |
| Amundsen | Antarctica | 9 |
| CordilleraDarwin | Patagonia | 3 |
| DrangDrung | Himalaya | 3 |
| Eurasia | North | 3 |
| FilchnerRonne | Antarctica | 9 |
| GranCampoNevado | Patagonia | 3 |
| Greenland | GreenlandPaleo | 4 |
| Helheim | GreenlandPaleo, Greenland | 7 |
| Jakobshavn | GreenlandPaleo, Greenland | 7 |
| Laurentide | North | 3 |
| MonteSarmiento | Patagonia | 3 |
| NEGIS | GreenlandPaleo, Greenland | 7 |
| NorthPatagonianIcefield | Patagonia | 3 |
| Petermann | GreenlandPaleo, Greenland | 7 |
| PineIsland | Antarctica | 9 |
| Ross | Antarctica | 9 |
| SRG | Patagonia | 3 |
| SchiaparelliGlacier | Patagonia | 3 |
| SouthPatagonianIcefield | Patagonia | 3 |
| Thwaites | Antarctica | 9 |
| WilkesBasin | Antarctica | 9 |
Figures
Colgan2021
Colgan2021-topocorr-ANT
Colgan2021-topocorr-GRL
Davies2013
FoxMaule2005
HazzardRichards2024
Loesing2021
Lucazeau2019
Martos2017
Martos2018
Shapiro2004
Stal2020
